Flu

Flu or Influenza as it is known as, is a viral infection of the respiratory tract. Viral-infected droplets coughed or “sneezed” into the air spread the infection.

When viruses enter the body, the immune system combats them by a series of sophisticated attack mechanisms. This means that the majority of viruses encountered by the body are swiftly dealt with. These are called the C type viruses that cause symptoms similar to that of a cold. However, other virus types ( A and B ) can regularly change their outer coating, thus escaping our immune systems defences.

When the virus has managed to multiply into a significant population, we then begin to experience symptoms of flu. Typically, loss of energy, a general feeling of being unwell, catarrh (increased nasal discharge), fever, hot and cold flushes, headache, muscle ache and loss of appetite. An infection is therefore not instantaneous. The time taken from the moment of exposure to the onset of symptoms is usually around 5 to 7 days.

Because flu is a viral infection, anti-biotics will not be effective since they are for bacterial infections only. A doctor may prescribe anti-biotics if a patient with flu is at risk of infection from bacteria also.

Coughing, with or without chest pain, sore throat and runny nose usually follows the flu symptoms described. After 2 days, fever and other symptoms subside. After five days, these symptoms usually disappear. Respiratory symptoms persist and the person may still feel weak and sometimes depressed. The illness usually clears up within 7 to 10 days.

Because of the infection risk posed by type A and B viruses, the best form of defence available at present is the flu vaccine injection. This is typically given to those at higher risk (young children and elderly) before the beginning of the winter season, during September / October time.

Self-help measures during a bout of flu are as follows:

• Drink as much fluids as possible, such as water or fruit juices.
• Rest in bed in a warm ventilated room.
• Painkillers can help to relieve headaches and reduce fever.
• Drink warm fluids to soothe sore throat. Soups are popular.
• Inhale steam to soothe the lungs and nasal cavity.
• If you feel that you are prone to flu, it is well worth buying zinc based lozenges from a local pharmacy, at the beginning of a possible infection. Zinc coats the lining of the throat. When viral droplets are inhaled, they should be prevented from entering the lungs by the presence of the zinc.

For the elderly it is important to call a doctor as soon as symptoms develop. The doctor would be able to prescribe medication to reduce the severity of flu. The doctor may also prescribe anti-biotics to combat secondary bacterial infection.

Once strength has been regained, it is important to return to normal activity gradually.